Evaluation of a perioperative steroid coverage after pituitary surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Serum cortisol levels within the first days after pituitary surgery have been shown to be a predictor of post-surgical adrenal insufficiency. However, the indication of empirical glucocorticoids to avoid this complication remains controversial. The objective is to assess the role of cortisol in the early postoperative period as a predictor of long-term corticotropic function according to the pituitary perisurgical protocol with corticosteroid replacement followed in our center. METHODS: One hundred eighteen patients who underwent surgery in a single center between December 2012 and January 2020 for a pituitary adenoma were included. Of these, 54 patients with previous adrenal insufficiency (AI), Cushing's disease, or tumors that required treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids (GC) were excluded. A treatment protocol with glucocorticoids was established, consisting of its empirical administration at rapidly decreasing doses, and serum cortisol was determined on the third day after surgery. Subsequent adrenal status was assessed through follow-up biochemical and clinical evaluations. RESULTS: Out of the 64 patients treated, there were 56 macroadenomas and 8 microadenomas. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency after pituitary surgery was 4.7%. The optimal cut-off value that predicted an adequate corticotropic reserve, taking into account the best relationship of specificity and sensitivity, was ≥4.1 µg/dl for serum cortisol on the third day (sensitivity 95.1%, specificity 100%). CONCLUSION: Serum cortisol on the third day predicts the development of adrenal insufficiency. We suggest a cortisol cut-off point of ≥4.1 µg/dl on postoperative on the third day after surgery as a predictor of the adrenal reserve in the long-term.

Alteraciones en el metabolismo glucémico antes y después del tratamiento en pacientes con acromegalia / Glucose metabolism before and after treatment in patients with acromegaly

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la prevalencia de alteraciones hidrocarbonadas en pacientes diagnosticados de acromegalia y evaluar qué ocurre a los 2 años del tratamiento. También se pretende valorar qué factores se asocian a la aparición de estas alteraciones. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes diagnosticados de acromegalia en nuestro centro. Se clasificó a los pacientes en función del metabolismo glucémico: normal, prediabetes y diabetes. A los 2 años del tratamiento de la acromegalia se analizó de nuevo la prevalencia de alteraciones hidrocarbonadas, en función del estado del paciente (curado, controlado con tratamiento médico o no controlado). Resultados: Al diagnóstico de acromegalia, el 27,3% de los pacientes tenían diabetes (n=18), el 39,4% prediabetes (n=26) y el 33,3% no presentaba alteraciones (n=22). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de IGF-1 y z-score de IGF-1 (mediana de 18,1 en diabéticos y 10,6 en no diabéticos, p=0,005) entre los 3 grupos. A los 2 años del tratamiento, se observa una importante reducción de la prevalencia de diabetes y prediabetes en los pacientes curados (del 29,2 al 8,3% y del 45,8 al 16,7% respectivamente, p=0,003) pero no en los pacientes controlados con tratamiento médico o no controlados. Conclusión: En nuestro centro, el 66,6% de los pacientes con acromegalia presentan alteraciones en el metabolismo hidrocarbonado al diagnóstico, con una prevalencia de diabetes del 27,3%. A los 2 años del tratamiento de la acromegalia, se objetiva un descenso de la prevalencia de diabetes y prediabetes en el grupo de pacientes curados (AU)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of carbohydrate changes in patients diagnosed with acromegaly, and to evaluate what happens two years after treatment. It was also intended to assess which factors are associated to the occurrence of such changes. Material and methods: Sixty-six patients diagnosed with acromegaly at our center were enrolled and divided into groups with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, and diabetes. After 2 years of treatment of acromegaly, prevalence carbohydrate changes was assessed again depending on the patient condition (cured, controlled with medical treatment, or uncontrolled). Results: At the time of diagnosis of acromegaly, 27.3% of the patients had diabetes (n=18), 39.4% had prediabetes (n=26), and 33.3% had no changes (n=22). Significant differences were found in IGF-1 and z-score of IGF-1 (median of 18.1 in diabetics and 10.6 in non-diabetics, P=.005). Two years after treatment, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in cured patients (from 29.2% to 8.3% and from 45.8% to 16.7%, respectively, P=.003), but not in patients controlled with medical treatment or not controlled. Conclusion: At our center, 66.6% of patients with acromegaly had changes in carbohydrate metabolism at diagnosis, with a prevalence of diabetes of 27.3%. Two years after treatment of acromegaly, prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes decreased in cured patients (AU)

Glucose metabolism before and after treatment in patients with acromegaly. / Alteraciones en el metabolismo glucémico antes y después del tratamiento en pacientes con acromegalia.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of carbohydrate changes in patients diagnosed with acromegaly, and to evaluate what happens two years after treatment. It was also intended to assess which factors are associated to the occurrence of such changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-six patients diagnosed with acromegaly at our center were enrolled and divided into groups with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, and diabetes. After 2 years of treatment of acromegaly, prevalence carbohydrate changes was assessed again depending on the patient condition (cured, controlled with medical treatment, or uncontrolled). RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis of acromegaly, 27.3% of the patients had diabetes (n=18), 39.4% had prediabetes (n=26), and 33.3% had no changes (n=22). Significant differences were found in IGF-1 and z-score of IGF-1 (median of 18.1 in diabetics and 10.6 in non-diabetics, P=.005). Two years after treatment, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in cured patients (from 29.2% to 8.3% and from 45.8% to 16.7%, respectively, P=.003), but not in patients controlled with medical treatment or not controlled. CONCLUSION: At our center, 66.6% of patients with acromegaly had changes in carbohydrate metabolism at diagnosis, with a prevalence of diabetes of 27.3%. Two years after treatment of acromegaly, prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes decreased in cured patients.

Valor pronóstico de la glucemia en urgencias y la hemoglobina glucosilada en pacientes que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular agudo / Prognostic value of blood glucose in emergency room and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients who have suffered an acute cerebro-vascular event

Fundamento y objetivo: La hiperglucemia de estrés se ha relacionado con peor pronóstico en pacientes ingresados en unidades de críticos. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el efecto de la glucemia en urgencias y la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) en la mortalidad en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular y ver si esta relación depende de la presencia de diabetes. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de 255 pacientes ingresados por un episodio cerebrovascular agudo. Se recogieron los datos de glucemia en urgencias y HbA1c en las primeras 48h. La presencia de diabetes se definió en función de los antecedentes médicos, valores de glucemia basal y HbA1c en el ingreso. Se evaluó la mortalidad en los primeros 30 meses tras el episodio agudo. Resultados: El 28,2% de los pacientes presentaban diabetes. Se observó mayor mortalidad en pacientes con glucemia al ingreso≥140mg/dl (hazard ratio [HR]=2,22; IC95%: 1,18-4,16; p=0,013) tras ajustar por distintos factores. Esta relación no se confirmó en pacientes diabéticos (HR=2,20; IC95%: 0,66-7,40;p=0,201) pero sí en no diabéticos (HR=2,55; IC95%: 1,11-5,85; p=0,027). En diabéticos, una HbA1c≥7% no se asoció a peor pronóstico (HR=0,68; IC95%: 0,23-1,98; p=0,475) mientras que los no diabéticos con HbA1c al ingreso en rango de prediabetes (5,7-6,4%) presentaron mayor mortalidad (HR=2,62; IC95%:1,01-6,79; p=0,048). Conclusión: La hiperglucemia al ingreso se asocia con un peor pronóstico en pacientes sin diabetes ingresados por un accidente cerebrovascular agudo, pero esta relación no se demuestra en diabéticos. En pacientes no diabéticos, una HbA1c en rango de prediabetes se relaciona con mayor mortalidad (AU)

Background and objective: Stress hyperglycemia has been associated with a worse prognosis in patients hospitalized in critical care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels on the mortality of patients suffering a acute cerebro-vascular event, and to determine if this relationship depends on the presence of diabetes. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 255 patients admitted to the ER for stroke was performed. Venous plasma glucose levels in the emergency room and HbA1c levels within the first 48hours were analyzed. The presence of diabetes was defined in terms of the patients’ medical history, as well as their levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Mortality was assessed within the first 30 months after the onset of the acute event. Results: 28.2% of patients had diabetes. Higher mortality was observed in patients who had been admitted with plasma glucose levels≥140mg/dl (hazard ratio [HR]=2.22, 95% CI: 1.18-4.16, P=.013) after adjusting for various factors. This relationship was not confirmed in diabetic patients (HR=2.20, 95% CI: 0.66-7.40, P=.201) and was in non-diabetics (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.11-5.85, P=.027). In diabetics, HbA1c≥7% was not associated with poor prognosis (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.23-1.98, P=.475), whereas non-diabetics with admission levels of HbA1c falling within the pre-diabetes range (5.7% -6.4%) had a higher mortality (HR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.01-6.79, P=.048). Conclusion: Admission hyperglycemia is associated with a worse prognosis in patients without diabetes admitted for stroke, but this relationship was not seen in diabetics. In non-diabetic patients, HbA1c levels in the pre-diabetes range is associated with higher mortality (AU)

Prognostic value of blood glucose in emergency room and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients who have suffered an acute cerebro-vascular event. / Valor pronóstico de la glucemia en urgencias y la hemoglobina glucosilada en pacientes que han sufrido un accidente cerebrovascular agudo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stress hyperglycemia has been associated with a worse prognosis in patients hospitalized in critical care units. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels on the mortality of patients suffering a acute cerebro-vascular event, and to determine if this relationship depends on the presence of diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 255 patients admitted to the ER for stroke was performed. Venous plasma glucose levels in the emergency room and HbA1c levels within the first 48hours were analyzed. The presence of diabetes was defined in terms of the patients' medical history, as well as their levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Mortality was assessed within the first 30 months after the onset of the acute event. RESULTS: 28.2% of patients had diabetes. Higher mortality was observed in patients who had been admitted with plasma glucose levels≥140mg/dl (hazard ratio [HR]=2.22, 95% CI: 1.18-4.16, P=.013) after adjusting for various factors. This relationship was not confirmed in diabetic patients (HR=2.20, 95% CI: 0.66-7.40, P=.201) and was in non-diabetics (HR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.11-5.85, P=.027). In diabetics, HbA1c≥7% was not associated with poor prognosis (HR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.23-1.98, P=.475), whereas non-diabetics with admission levels of HbA1c falling within the pre-diabetes range (5.7% -6.4%) had a higher mortality (HR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.01-6.79, P=.048). CONCLUSION: Admission hyperglycemia is associated with a worse prognosis in patients without diabetes admitted for stroke, but this relationship was not seen in diabetics. In non-diabetic patients, HbA1c levels in the pre-diabetes range is associated with higher mortality.

Hipoparatiroidismo hipomagnesémico asintomático inducido por pantoprazol / Hipomagnesémico asymptomatic hypoparathyroidism induced by pantoprazole

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